November in History. Nell Gwyn, the Temptress Who Enchanted a King November 14, ; The Flu Pandemic November 15, ; All Eyes on Birthplace of British Rock 'n' Roll November 16, ; Bloody Mary, England’s Most Hated Queen November 17, November 16 Zodiac is Scorpio - Full Horoscope Personality As a Scorpio born on November 16th, you are a jovial companion but can also be possessive and stubborn, even with those you care for most. You don't like to be wrong and will often do whatever it is in your powers to prove yourself. - President John F. Kennedy, on board USS Observation Island (EAG ), witnesses the launch of Polaris A-2 missile by USS Andrew Jackson (SSBN ). Famous November 16 Birthdays including Pete Davidson, Cindy Kimberly, Mason Ramsey, Enzo Lopez, Juan de Dios Pantoja and many more. November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Day of Declaration of Sovereignty ; Earliest day on which Day of Repentance and Prayer can fall, while November 22 is the latest; celebrated 11 days before Advent Sunday (Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United Protestant churches, Saxony, Bavaria), and its related observance: Volkstrauertag (Germany). Although nominally an equal force to the Allies on paper, the Germans were heavily outnumbered. In its initial attack 1st Division was only able to make ground slowly against the 47th VGD around Hamich. The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century. Nevertheless, the fresh 83rd Son-Gohan assisted by the 5th Armored Division was able to take most of Strass and reach Gey the same day against the worn out rd VGD. Retrieved 16 January Larsen; Carole Levin Women in history, literature, and the arts: a festschrift for Tom Cruise Film 2021 Schnuttgen Für Immer Shrek honor of her thirty years of outstanding service at Youngstown State University. The same was for the understrength th Division. Filmovix Online 6, Number 69, Summer Encyclopedia Britannica. Gerow's first action was to relieve the 28th Division with the 8th Infantry Divisionto assist the drive of the already fighting 4th Division. The advance was very steady, and already on the next day the towns Puffendorf and Immendorf were taken.

At Immendorf the Germans were able to break into the town, but were repelled in close quarter fighting at dawn.

The main fighting, however, was at Puffendorf. Since 2nd Armored Division also wanted to continue its advance towards Gereonsweiler, the division was caught in the open when about 30 German tanks approached it.

In the ensuing battle, the Americans were pushed back into Puffendorf with heavy losses. Fighting then continued around the towns.

German losses for this day were 11 tanks, while the 2nd Armored Division lost about 57 tanks in the fighting. However, the stalemate did not last long, as the Americans were able to push slowly forward through combined heavy artillery and aerial support.

As of 22 November, all 3 divisions of XIX Corps were in striking range of the Rur. At this point, the German command decided to release another division, the th Volksgrenadier Division , to the front, as the threat to Jülich came apparent.

The th Division moved in to take over positions of the badly mauled th VGD. Due to this reinforcement, the advance of the 29th and 30th Infantry Division stalled after they were ejected from Bourheim.

The last German defense ring before Jülich was now between Bourheim, Koslar and Kirchberg Jülich. The same happened to the 2nd Armored Division which was repelled from Merzenhausen.

During the next days, fighting at the defense line was very intense, mostly leading to the exchange of heavy artillery barrages. Bourheim was taken on 23 November but remained under constant shelling from German forces.

Two days later American troops entered Koslar. A subsequent German counterattack managed to break into Bourheim and Koslar, but was soon afterwards repelled.

On 26 November a general offensive was started to finally push to the Rur. Koslar, Kirchberg and Merzenburg were taken on 27 November. By 28 November, XIX Corps had reached the Rur on a broad front with only two German bridgeheads on the western side of the river remaining, which were not taken until 9 December.

North of XIX Corps, Geilenkirchen had been captured during Operation Clipper, but the Allied advance had stalled at Wurm some kilometers short of the Rur, rendering the Allied advance in this sector a stalemate.

Ninth Army's casualties for Operation Queen were 1, killed, 6, wounded, and 2, missing. While Ninth Army's advance was successful, at the beginning of December VII Corps had just left the Hürtgen Forest, was still short of the Rur and had taken heavy casualties.

For the upcoming conclusion of the offensive, 1st Infantry Division was replaced by 9th Infantry Division and 4th Infantry Division by the 83rd Infantry Division.

After a deliberate break for reorganisation, the attack was resumed on 10 December towards the Rur and the key city of Düren. German manpower at this point was very low with the defense relying mostly on artillery support.

In the north th and 9th Division, assisted by the 3rd Armored Division, didn't face much resistance. The 3rd Parachute Division and especially the worn out th VGD were not able to offer serious resistance.

After four days th Division was at the Rur. The same was for the 9th Division. During the fighting, 3rd Parachute Division was replaced by the hastily assembled 47th Volksgrenadier Division.

In the south 83rd Division faced larger problems. It had to advance through the towns of Strass and Gey, the latter had just been the location of a heavy battle which practically had rendered 4th Division unable for further offensive operations.

Nevertheless, the fresh 83rd Division assisted by the 5th Armored Division was able to take most of Strass and reach Gey the same day against the worn out rd VGD.

However, the muddy road and mines prevented the Americans from bringing their tanks into both towns to support the infantry.

As a result, after some determined German counterattacks on Schafberg , the American units in Strass were effectively cut off and had to be supplied by aircraft, while the Germans started several attacks on the town.

Schafberg was retaken on 12 December and tanks reached Gey and Strass, easing the situations. Casualties nevertheless had been heavy, with about 1, men for the division in just 3 days.

In the north of Gey the division's advance fared better and the division took the towns Gürzenich and Birgel. On 14 December a renewed drive conducted by tanks was launched.

After meeting initial heavy resistance east of Strass, the advance at other parts of the frontline forced the Germans to retreat. By 16 December VII Corps finally had reached the Rur, with only a few small bridgeheads west of the river remaining.

Casualties for this campaign were tremendous, as VII Corps had about 27, casualties in one month. During the Allied approach towards the Rur, the issue of the Rur dams took on a new urgency.

The dams were a strategically important target, as they would allow the Germans to flood the Rur valley and everything else downstream of it as far as the Meuse and into the Netherlands.

This would delay the Allied offensive effort into Germany, possibly causing major casualties as well as trapping Allied units east of the flooding.

It took a long time until the Allied high command recognized its importance and until the first specific actions were implemented towards them.

The first approach was made by the RAF which was tasked to breach them, with bombing starting in early December. In continuous attack waves, hundreds of aircraft were thrown against the dams, but the damage was only negligible.

On 13 December V Corps, already at the Rur, was tasked to start an offensive to seize the dams from various directions including the Ardennes sector.

The offensive took the Germans by surprise, but as the Allies ran directly into the Germans being near ready for the Ardennes Offensive , resistance soon stiffened.

On 16 December the Germans launched their final all-out offensive on their western front, Wacht am Rhein , which led to an immediate end of all Allied offensive efforts in this sector.

Operation Queen was not able to meet its sophisticated goals. At the beginning of the offensive, Allied planners envisioned for the offensive to be just a staging point for a deep penetration over the Rur into Germany to the Rhine.

After one month of heavy fighting the Americans had barely made it to the Rur. No bridgehead over the river had been made, the Germans still held some portions west of the river and the important Rur dams were still in German hands, threatening any further offensive operations.

Even without knowing the upcoming German offensive, Allied planners estimated the earliest date for a large thrust into Germany for mid-January.

The Wehrmacht was successfully able to delay the American advance towards the Rur. The Rur River line, whose holding was deemed necessary for the successful implementation of the Ardennes Offensive, was held.

The preparation of the final Ardennes Offensive was mostly successful with Germany being able to build up enough troops in secrecy for a sufficient blow.

On 16 December the Allies were taken by complete surprise and the Germans were quickly able to achieve a breakthrough.

Later 14 until 26 January , the Roer triangle was cleared during Operation Blackcock and only in February were the Allies finally able to cross the Rur, by then the road to the Rhine was clear.

However, the Ardennes offensive also showed the lack of any long-term strategic perspective for Germany. The superiority of the Allies in numbers of men and equipment could not be overcome by Germany.

The successful holding of the Rur River line would only lead to a lengthened war, causing additional destruction and loss of life. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Siegfried Line campaign. France Channel Coast Dieppe Le Havre Dunkirk Boulogne Calais Nancy Arracourt Metz Fort Driant Belgium Moerbrugge Geel Scheldt Netherlands Market Garden Overloon Broekhuizen Germany Hürtgen Forest Aachen Crucifix Hill Geilenkirchen Queen.

West European campaign — Overlord Dragoon Paris Paris to the Rhine Channel Coast Dieppe Le Havre Dunkirk Boulogne Calais Market Garden Aachen Hürtgen Forest Scheldt Queen Bulge Nordwind Blackcock Colmar Pocket Reichswald Alps Invasion of Germany End of World War II in Europe.

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